(1993) describe rape culture as the ideologies and systems that have normalized and condoned sexual violence. A rape culture condones physical and emotional terrorism against women as the norm.Ĭonsistent with other authors, Buchwald et al. In a rape culture women perceive a continuum of threatened violence that ranges from sexual remarks to sexual touching to rape itself. It is a society where violence is seen as sexy and sexuality as violent. It is a complex set of beliefs that encourages male sexual aggression and supports violence against women. vii) in their book, Transforming A Rape Culture: One of the most cited definitions of rape culture comes from Buchwald, Fletcher, and Roth (1993, p. Perpetrators are excused, and sexual violence is rendered acceptable, attractive, and inevitable ( Keller, Mendes, & Ringrose, 2018 Smith, 2004). In a rape culture, there are blurred lines around consent, male sexual aggression is accepted and encouraged, and victims are blamed for the violence they have suffered ( Phipps, Ringrose, Renold, & Jackson, 2018 Sills et al., 2016). Since then, scholars, activists, and others have conceptualized rape culture as “the social, cultural, and structural discourses and practices in which sexual violence is tolerated, accepted, eroticized, minimized and trivialized” ( Henry & Powell, 2014, p. ĭuring the 1970s, second-wave feminists began critiquing myths about women and sexual violence and introduced the term “rape culture” to articulate how society normalizes and condones sexual violence ( Brownmiller, 1975).
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(Ed.) The Emerald International Handbook of Technology-Facilitated Violence and Abuse ( Emerald Studies In Digital Crime, Technology and Social Harms), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. (2021), "“That's Straight-Up Rape Culture”: Manifestations of Rape Culture on Grindr", Bailey, J., Flynn, A. This chapter demonstrates the importance of investigating sexual violence against people of diverse gender and sexual identities to ensure their experiences are not minimized, ignored, or rendered invisible. Participants were unsure about the extent to which MSM dating apps facilitate rape culture but asserted that some apps enable rape culture more than others. Participants explained that rape culture extends beyond in-app interactions to in-person encounters, as evident by incidents of sexual violence that several participants had experienced and one participant had committed. A thematic analysis of interviews with 25 MSM dating app users revealed problematic user behavior as well as unwanted sexual messages and images as common manifestations of rape culture on dating apps.
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This chapter explores how men who have sex with men (MSM) understand and experience rape culture through their use of Grindr and similar dating apps. Much of the research on rape culture focuses on the experiences of heterosexual women, and few studies have explored rape culture in the context of dating apps.
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vii), exists online and offline ( Henry & Powell, 2014). Rape culture, described as when “violence is seen as sexy and sexuality as violent” ( Buchwald, Fletcher, & Roth, 1993, p.